#Stefanie splitt kienbaum Patch
There was a large increase in average nectar standing crop volume both at Site 1 (+ 172%) and Site 2 (+ 137%) in HB&BBE patch flowers, and no significant change in HBE or BBE, compared to CON patches. Exclusions increased per-flower volume of nectar and visitation rates of non-excluded bees, compared to control patches with no bee exclusions (CON). agg., flowers in two eight-day field trials at separate locations, with complementary mapping of per-site local floral resource availability. To investigate this, we excluded honeybees (HBE treatment), bumblebees (BBE) or both (HB&BBE) from wild-growing patches of bramble, Rubus fruticosus L. Furthermore, the methods of quantifying insect-friendliness of plant varieties trialled in this study are relatively simple and can form the basis of further research, including ‘citizen science’.Įusocial bees are likely to be ecologically important competitors for floral resources, although competitive effects can be difficult to quantify in wild pollinator communities. Importantly, all the plants we compared were considered highly attractive to humans, given that they are widely sold as ornamental garden plants.Helping insect pollinators in gardens does not involve extra cost or gardening effort, or loss of aesthetic attractiveness. Horticulturally modified plant varieties created by plant breeding, including hybrids, are not necessarily less attractive to insects and in some cases are more attractive than their wild-type counterparts. Insects, especially bees and hover flies, can be attracted in large numbers with clear differences in the distribution of types attracted by different varieties.Our results clearly show that there is a great scope for making gardens and parks more bee- and insect-friendly by plant selection. Garden flowers attractive to the human eye vary enormously, approximately 100-fold, in their attractiveness to insects. With many thousands of plant varieties available to gardeners in the United Kingdom, and other countries or regions, it would have been an impossible task to make a comprehensive survey resulting in a complete and authoritative list.Our results are valuable and encouraging. There is clearly a need to put the process onto a firmer footing based more on data and less on opinion and general experience.We collected data over two summers by counting flower-visiting insects as they foraged on 32 popular summer-flowering garden plant varieties in a specially planted experimental garden, with two smaller additional gardens set up in year two to check the generality of the results. These lists, however, are not without merit and are an obvious starting point.
#Stefanie splitt kienbaum professional
Given the wide public interest, many lists of recommended varieties have been produced by both amateurs and professional organizations, but appear not to be well grounded in empirical data. With the value of countryside reducing, urban areas, particularly gardens, are increasingly recognized as of benefit to wildlife, including flower-visiting insects.Many gardeners specifically select plant varieties attractive to wildlife. Pollinating insects are globally declining, with one of the main causes being the loss of flowers.
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